{"id":1564,"date":"2020-05-19T14:01:10","date_gmt":"2020-05-19T12:01:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cfdt-spie.com\/?p=1564"},"modified":"2023-11-28T14:51:11","modified_gmt":"2023-11-28T13:51:11","slug":"securite-sanitaire-et-reprise-dactivite-elements-concernant-la-responsabilite-de-lemployeur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cfdt-spie.com\/?p=1564","title":{"rendered":"S\u00e9curit\u00e9 sanitaire et reprise d\u2019activit\u00e9 : \u00e9l\u00e9ments concernant la responsabilit\u00e9 de l\u2019employeur"},"content":{"rendered":"\n


Cette note \u00e0 destination des syndicats a pour but d\u2019apporter des \u00e9l\u00e9ments pour aider les \u00e9quipes d\u2019entreprise confront\u00e9es \u00e0 des difficult\u00e9s de mise en place des mesures de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sanitaire dans le cadre de la reprise d\u2019activit\u00e9. Elle aborde quelques cas de figure concernant la demande d\u00e9charge de responsabilit\u00e9, le secret m\u00e9dical et le droit de retrait.
Par ailleurs, \u00e0 titre d\u2019information, le minist\u00e8re du travail publie des fiches m\u00e9tiers et des guides de branches professionnelles consultables et t\u00e9l\u00e9chargeables \u00e0 l\u2019adresse suivante : https:\/\/travail-emploi.gouv.fr\/le-ministere-en-action\/coronavirus-covid-19\/proteger-les-travailleurs-les-emplois-les-savoir-faire-et-les-competences\/proteger-les-travailleurs\/article\/fiches-conseils-metiers-et-guides-pour-les-salaries-et-les-employeurs.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.D\u00e9charge visant \u00e0 d\u00e9gager l\u2019employeur de ses responsabilit\u00e9s<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


Certains employeurs sont tent\u00e9s de faire signer un document de d\u00e9charge aux salari\u00e9s pour ne plus voir engager sa responsabilit\u00e9 personnelle en cas de manquement aux mesures li\u00e9es au COVID 19.
En situation ordinaire ou extraordinaire, en vertu des dispositions l\u00e9gales du Code du travail, \u00ab l\u2019employeur est responsable devant la loi de la sant\u00e9 et de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des travailleurs dont il a la charge \u00bb.
Pour satisfaire \u00e0 cette obligation, il doit respecter un certain nombre de principes g\u00e9n\u00e9raux de pr\u00e9vention pr\u00e9vus par le Code du travail.
Dans la crise sanitaire actuelle, les plus significatifs sont :
a. d\u00e9terminer avec pr\u00e9cision les risques qui ne peuvent pas \u00eatre \u00e9vit\u00e9s ;
b. \u00e9viter les risques autres ;
c. combattre les risques \u00e0 la source ;
d. remplacer ce qui est dangereux par ce qui n\u2019est pas dangereux ou ce qui est moins dangereux ;
e. prendre des mesures de protection collective en leur donnant la priorit\u00e9 sur les mesures de protection individuelle et donner les instructions appropri\u00e9es aux travailleurs.
Aujourd\u2019hui, l\u2019employeur doit articuler ces principes de pr\u00e9ventions g\u00e9n\u00e9raux \u00e0 ceux prescrits par les autorit\u00e9s gouvernementales qui s\u2019y ajoutent :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. en cas de contact bref, appliquer les mesures barri\u00e8res dont l\u2019exhaustivit\u00e9 se retrouve sur le site internet suivant : https:\/\/www.gouvernement.fr\/info-coronavirus ;<\/li>
  2. en cas de contact prolong\u00e9, appliquer les mesures barri\u00e8res pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment \u00e9voqu\u00e9es et assurer des garanties suppl\u00e9mentaires pour les postes en contact avec le public. Par exemple, une zone de courtoisie, des \u00e9crans de protections\u2026
    Face \u00e0 ces mesures de pr\u00e9ventions et \u00e0 la responsabilit\u00e9 accrue que cela suppose pour les employeurs, certains d\u2019entre eux tentent d\u2019instaurer en pratique la signature de texte de d\u00e9charge aupr\u00e8s de leurs salari\u00e9s (en leur faisant attester, par exemple, qu\u2019ils ont pris connaissance et respecteront les consignes qu\u2019ils ont communiqu\u00e9es).
    La demande de signature d\u2019un tel document n\u2019est pas ill\u00e9gale en tant que telle. Toutefois, ce document n\u2019exon\u00e8re aucune des parties de ses obligations dans ce domaine.
    Si l\u2019obligation de pr\u00e9server la sant\u00e9 et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de ses travailleurs est relativement connue pour un employeur, celle qui p\u00e8se sur le travailleur lui-m\u00eame l\u2019est beaucoup moins. Pourtant, le Code du travail est assez explicite en la mati\u00e8re : le salari\u00e9 doit, conform\u00e9ment aux formations qu\u2019il a re\u00e7u de son employeur, prendre soin de sa sant\u00e9 et de sa s\u00e9curit\u00e9.
    Ainsi, m\u00eame en cas de signature d\u2019un tel document, en cas de d\u00e9faillance av\u00e9r\u00e9e par l\u2019une des parties, celle-ci reste responsable devant la loi de ses manquements.
    La f\u00e9d\u00e9ration conseille, dans les entreprises qui en disposent, de traiter et trouver en CSE les modalit\u00e9s de mise en place des consignes li\u00e9es \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sanitaire lorsque celles-ci posent probl\u00e8me.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    2.Secret m\u00e9dical<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


    Le secret m\u00e9dical est un droit fondamental reconnu au patient et la violation de ce droit est fortement r\u00e9prim\u00e9e par la l\u00e9gislation fran\u00e7aise. Le m\u00e9decin du travail est le premier d\u00e9positaire du respect du secret m\u00e9dical.
    A aucun moment et d\u2019aucune mani\u00e8re, un salari\u00e9 ne peut \u00eatre contraint par son employeur \u00e0 devoir signer un document l\u2019invitant \u00e0 renoncer au droit au secret m\u00e9dical. Ce serait une violation manifeste de ce droit fondamental.
    En revanche, si un travailleur sait que son \u00e9tat de sant\u00e9 pr\u00e9sente un risque pour lui-m\u00eame ou pour un travailleur tiers de l\u2019entreprise et qu\u2019il n\u2019en tient pas compte, il engage sa responsabilit\u00e9 et peut-\u00eatre condamn\u00e9 pour cela.
    Tout travailleur est donc invit\u00e9 \u00e0 avoir une attitude raisonnable vis-\u00e0-vis de la collectivit\u00e9 de travail \u00e0 laquelle il appartient. En cas de risque, il lui appartient en son \u00e2me et conscience de taire ou non son \u00e9tat de sant\u00e9. C\u2019est un choix qui certes lui appartient mais qui peut s\u2019av\u00e9rer lourd de cons\u00e9quence en pratique.
    De m\u00eame, lorsque le sujet du secret m\u00e9dical est pos\u00e9 par l\u2019employeur, la f\u00e9d\u00e9ration conseille les \u00e9quipes CFDT de traiter et trouver en CSE (via sa commission sant\u00e9, s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et conditions de travail ainsi que par le truchement de la m\u00e9decine du travail)

    les modalit\u00e9s permettant au salari\u00e9 de pr\u00e9server son secret m\u00e9dical tout en \u00e9tant \u00e0 l\u2019abri de tout risque juridique ult\u00e9rieur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    3.Recours au droit de retrait en cas de manquements aux mesures li\u00e9es au COVID 19<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


    Dans le contexte sanitaire actuel, pour permettre de garantir la sant\u00e9 et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l\u2019ensemble des travailleurs d\u2019une soci\u00e9t\u00e9, le gouvernement a fix\u00e9 un certain nombre de gestes barri\u00e8res \u00e0 respecter.
    En cas de manquements constat\u00e9s sur les mesures li\u00e9es au COVID 19, l\u2019un des premiers r\u00e9flexes est de s\u2019orienter vers l\u2019exercice du droit de retrait.
    Sur ce point, nous vous invitons \u00e0 la plus grande vigilance. En effet, l\u2019exercice de ce droit n\u2019est pas anodin et peut entra\u00eener des situations f\u00e2cheuses pour les travailleurs qui l\u2019utiliseraient en dehors du cadre l\u00e9gal. En cas d\u2019exercice non r\u00e9gulier de ce droit, ce qui est difficile \u00e0 appr\u00e9cier \u00e0 chaud, les salari\u00e9s s\u2019exposent \u00e0 un risque de sanction disciplinaire.
    L\u2019exercice du droit de retrait n\u00e9cessite une appr\u00e9ciation in concreto (chaque situation doit s\u2019\u00e9valuer au cas par cas) et ne peut donner lieu \u00e0 une r\u00e8gle de conduite g\u00e9n\u00e9rale d\u2019application en la mati\u00e8re.
    <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    S\u00e9curit\u00e9 sanitaire et reprise d\u2019activit\u00e9 : \u00e9l\u00e9ments concernant la responsabilit\u00e9 de l\u2019employeur<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1566,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21,20,40,186,24],"tags":[229],"class_list":["post-1564","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-comite-social-et-economique-spie-infoservices","category-discrimination","category-droits-des-salaries","category-egalite-professionnelle-femmes-hommes-spie-infoservices","category-sante-securite-condition-de-travail-spie-infoservices","tag-covid-19"],"yoast_head":"\nS\u00e9curit\u00e9 sanitaire et reprise d\u2019activit\u00e9 : \u00e9l\u00e9ments concernant la responsabilit\u00e9 de l\u2019employeur - CFDT SPIE ICS<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cfdt-spie.com\/?p=1564\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"S\u00e9curit\u00e9 sanitaire et reprise d\u2019activit\u00e9 : \u00e9l\u00e9ments concernant la responsabilit\u00e9 de l\u2019employeur - 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